Wildfire smoke is a complex mixture of gases and fine particles produced when wood and other organic materials burn. When large wildfires occur, smoke can travel hundreds — even thousands — of miles, dramatically affecting air quality in cities far from the fire itself.
Why Wildfire Smoke Is Dangerous
The primary concern with wildfire smoke is fine particulate matter (PM2.5) — particles smaller than 2.5 microns that penetrate deep into the lungs and can enter the bloodstream. Wildfire smoke also contains:
- Carbon monoxide (CO)
- Nitrogen oxides
- Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
- Benzene and other toxic chemicals
Short-term exposure can cause eye and throat irritation, coughing, and aggravated asthma. Long-term or intense exposure is linked to increased risk of respiratory infections, heart attacks, and stroke.
How to Know If Smoke Is Affecting Your Air
Check your local AQI — wildfire smoke events often push readings above 150 (Unhealthy) or even 300+ (Hazardous). You'll often smell smoke before AQI monitors update, so trust your senses too.
What to Do During a Wildfire Smoke Event
Indoors:
- Stay inside with windows and doors closed
- Run an air purifier with a HEPA filter
- Avoid activities that increase indoor pollution (candles, frying, vacuuming)
- Use central AC on recirculate mode if available
If You Must Go Outside:
- Wear an N95 or KN95 respirator — cloth masks don't filter PM2.5
- Avoid strenuous activity which increases how much air you breathe
- Shower and change clothes after coming inside
Vulnerable Groups:
Children, elderly, pregnant women, and people with respiratory or heart conditions should be especially cautious. Consider evacuating if AQI exceeds 200 for extended periods.
After the Smoke Clears
Fine particles can settle on surfaces and accumulate indoors even after outdoor air improves. Wipe down surfaces, change HVAC filters, and run your air purifier after a smoke event.